Battery Energy Storage Systems, Powering Flexibility

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INTRODUCTION

Storage: unlocking flexibility

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) store excess renewable electricity and release it when needed, stabilising the grid and balancing the intermittency of wind and solar. Their performance depends on key indicators such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH) and degradation rates. Unlike wind and solar, BESS assets enable multiple revenue streams such as arbitrage, frequency response, peak shaving and energy trading. These require careful management however, including of cycling, safety and temperature. As they sit at the intersection of engineering and market optimisation, BESS projects involve complex technical, financial and regulatory challenges. When properly designed and operated, they unlock exceptional flexibility, reliability and value.

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CONFIGURATIONS

One Technology — Three Configurations

Stand-alone

Stand-alone grid-scale BESS operate independently from generation assets to provide flexibility services such as frequency response, reserve capacity and arbitrage. They face challenges around degradation modelling, thermal management, complex trading strategies and grid-code compliance.

Co-located

Collocated BESS are installed next to a solar or wind farm while operating as separate assets, often sharing land, infrastructure or grid capacity. Their main challenges involve interoperability with the neighbouring plant, land and permitting constraints, transformer loading, and grid-capacity optimisation.

Hybrid

Hybrid systems integrate BESS directly with renewable generation, often sharing inverters, transformers or control systems. They require optimised power-flow strategies, robust EMS configurations, grid-compliant control, and precise modelling of combined energy and degradation behaviour.

CHALLENGES

How to Mitigate BESS Risks and Optimize Revenues

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Revenue Stacking

To maximise ROI, BESS must combine multiple revenue streams, including frequency response, reserve capacity, peak shaving, and arbitrage. However, stacking revenues requires accurate market modelling, degradation-aware dispatch strategies, and compliance with local grid requirements. Greensolver simulates market dynamics and battery constraints to design realistic, optimised revenue-stacking strategies tailored to your asset configuration and local energy market.

BESS Sizing and Capacity Forecasting

Battery sizing directly impacts project profitability. Oversizing increases CAPEX, undersizing limits revenues, and degradation accelerates if cycling patterns are misaligned with real operations. Greensolver runs advanced forecasting models to help optimise BESS sites. We integrate degradation curves, SoC, SoH and cycling profiles to predict usable capacity over time and help ensure long-term project performance.

BESS Procurement

BESS procurement is highly complex: technologies vary across OEMs, degradation and safety assumptions are often unclear, and long-term performance depends on chemistry, architecture, HVAC, fire-protection systems and augmentation plans. Greensolver supports owners by benchmarking proposals from multiple Tier-1 suppliers, reviewing technical specifications, safety design, degradation profiles, useful capacity, efficiency and lifecycle costs. We assess supplier track record, compliance with standards and compatibility with site conditions and revenue-stacking strategies. By reviewing EPC, LTSA, O&M and Supply Agreements, we secure warranties, LDs and liabilities, delivering a transparent, comparable and bankable procurement decision.

Health and Safety

Battery safety is critical. Beyond ICPE or local storage regulations, BESS projects must manage thermal runaway risks, fire detection, isolation zones, ventilation, and emergency procedures. Greensolver ensures full regulatory compliance, defines inspection protocols, evaluates fire-risk and safety systems, and supports operators throughout the asset lifecycle to ensure safe, compliant BESS operations.

BESS Site Acceptance Test (SAT)

The Site Acceptance Test is a critical milestone to ensure a BESS enters commercial operation safely, reliably, and fully compliant with contractual requirements. SATs often reveal issues such as BMS/EMS/SCADA communication faults, inadequate response times for grid services (DC/DM/DR), incorrect SOC/SOH calibration, or safety-system inconsistencies — all of which can severely impact availability, performance and revenue. Leveraging our strong field experience, Greensolver conducts comprehensive SAT reviews covering communication, safety, performance, and OEM compliance. We identify root causes, produce corrective actions, and secure a robust commissioning process ahead of COD.

Performance & Operational Reliability

Storage performance goes far beyond nominal capacity; it’s defined by real-world operational behaviour and application. True performance emerges from efficient cycle execution, responsive EMS control, reliable application of the PCS, effective thermal regulation and effective thermal management. Greensolver tracks these parameters to identify performance gaps, verify operational accuracy, and deliver oversight that maximises availability and value, while extending the lifetime of battery assets.

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SUPPLIERS WHO TRUST US

We are familiar with all major BESS suppliers and integrators:

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DATA SPEAK

Field-Proven Storage Experience

Leveraging 20 years of experience in Renewables

6GWh

100 projects audited

1.3GWh

Asset under management

20

Assets under management

100

Storage assets audited
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Our wind farm portfolio is expanding fast and this deal allows us to have a bigger European coverage. By partnering with an independent third party like Greensolver, we are provided with that level of certainty and are assured that our requirements will be fully covered.

Martina Dabo  —  Head of Asset Management and Development
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